Patna is well connected with Ara, Gaya, Jehanabad, Biharsharif, Rajgir, Islampur, Sonpur, Hajipur, Muzaffarpur, Chhapra through daily passenger and express train services.

The presence of RRI system allows computer operated change of tracks for running trains.

[23][24] Patna Junction is located close to the bus terminal and domestic airport providing transport to important destinations of Bihar.

Karbigahiya is located on the south side of Patna Junction and serves as direct access point for platforms of the railway station.

[32][33] Indian Railways, under its station redevelopment and beautification initiative, renovated and beautified the waiting hall which opened in 2019.

The new waiting hall has been provided with 7 HD screens of 65" displaying entertainment related content as well as train information 24*7.

The waiting hall has also been provided with additional fans and lighted with 100 percent LED fixtures concealed in the ceiling.

[36] The railway station has already been fitted with high-speed wireless internet service for passengers to enjoy free Wi-Fi facility.

[37] Indian Railways is soon going to construct Suburban Rail Terminal at Hardinge Park which is barely 900 metres west from Patna Junction.

Its location on the Delhi–Kolkata rail route, makes Patna Junction served by several Express and Superfast trains.

[23] In 2009, the construction of Digha–Sonpur Bridge, was underway on the banks on the Ganges nearby, connected Patna to Pahleja Ghat.