Pau-Brasil Ecological Station was created by state decree 22,881 of 25 March 2002.

[2] The Pau-Brazil (Caesalpinia echinata) is a native species of the Atlantic Forest that has been heavily exploited since the European discovery of Brazil.

The tree has almost disappeared due to the devastation of coastal forests, and is officially listed as being threatened with extinction.

A 2006 study of the trees of this species in the conservation unit indicated that over time mortality was exceeding replacement.

Sudema plans to create a headquarters office to support management, sustainable tourism, environmental education and scientific research, and also to create a nursery for Brazil wood seedlings.