13 May] 1899 – 3 July 1999) was a Soviet and Russian applied mathematician, known for her work on fluid mechanics and hydrodynamics, particularly, the application of Fuchsian equations, as well in the history of mathematics.

She studied at a women's high school in Saint Petersburg and went on to Petrograd University (after the Russian Revolution).

After her father died in 1918, she started working at the laboratory of geophysics under the supervision of Alexander Friedmann.

In Moscow, Polubarinova-Kochina did research at the Steklov Institute until World War II, when she and their daughters were evacuated to Kazan while Kochin stayed in Moscow to work on aiding the military effort.

[1] She was awarded the Stalin Prize in 1946, was made a Hero of Socialist Labour in 1969 and received the Order of Friendship of Peoples in 1979.