The first modern criminal code in Korea was introduced during Japanese rule.

In 1912, the Governor-General of Korea declared the Chosun Criminal Order (조선형사령) and on April 4, the Penal Code of Japan and Criminal justice system of Japan came into force in Korea.

After liberation, the Chosun Criminal Order remained in place until October 2, 1953.

As time passed, South Korea's Penal Code became more subjective than its inspiration.

The South Korean Penal Code has stronger penalties than its precursor, excluding robbery and other property crimes.