Penalty card
Penalty cards are used in many sports as a means of warning, reprimanding or penalising a player, coach or team official.
The colour or shape of the card used by the official indicates the type or seriousness of the offence and the level of punishment that is to be applied.
After the match, newspaper reports stated that referee Rudolf Kreitlein had cautioned Englishmen Bobby and Jack Charlton, as well as sent off Argentinian Antonio Rattín.
The referee had not made his decision clear during the game, so England manager Alf Ramsey approached a FIFA representative for post-match clarification.
This incident started Aston thinking about ways to make a referee's decisions clearer to both players and spectators.
Law 12 was amended in 2019 to allow team officials, such as head coaches, to also receive yellow and red cards.
[7][8] In bandy, a yellow card indicates a warning given to an entire team for technical fouls such as errors in the execution of goal-throws or free strokes, or the obstruction of a player without ball.
In equestrian sports, yellow cards may be issued during FEI sanctioned events for abuse of a horse or incorrect behavior towards an official.
Yellow cards are awarded for "Tier 1" offenses, such as turning your back to your opponent, covering target area (most common in Foil), leaving the piste without permission, or refusing to obey the referee.
Red and yellow cards were introduced to Gaelic games following an incident during the 1995 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final when the referee sent Charlie Redmond from the field of play but he refused to leave.
[20] Under FIVB rules, receiving a yellow card is the second stage of a formal warning for a player(s)/coach for minor misconduct, the first being a verbal one given through the team captain.
Yellow cards are given in water polo as an official warning for disrespectful conduct from the coach, individual players, or the entire bench.
In Germany, Austria, and Calgary, Canada, yellow cards were traditionally given for a first or second severe infraction of the rules in wrestling.
A red card will be shown to a player who has committed a serious or extreme offense such as violent conduct or an illegal and purposeful obstruction of a goal scoring opportunity for the opposing team.
[21] In fencing, a red card is used to indicate that a fencer has committed an offence that warrants a penalty hit to be awarded to the opponent.
[13] In floorball, a red card is results in the player being ejected from the game and his/her team being penalised with a major 4-minute bench penalty.
Red and yellow cards were introduced to Gaelic games following an incident during the 1995 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final when the referee sent Charlie Redmond from the field of play but he refused to leave.
[14] A red card in handball indicates a disqualification of a player who has committed an offense such as unsportsmanlike conduct, serious foul play, or receiving a third two-minute suspension.
The umpire can show a red card to an authorised advisor and ask them to leave the playing area if they give illegal advice after a warning had been given.
[20] A green card is used in some sports to indicate an official warning to a player who has committed a minor offence that does not warrant a more serious, extreme or further sanction.
[23][24] A green card indicates that the recall did not warrant a warning, which most commonly happens when the machines used to catch false-starters making a mistake.
A green card indicates an official warning when a minor offence has occurred resulting in a 2 minute suspension.
In a women's cup game between Benfica and Sporting in Portugal, a white card has been shown to praise fair play for the first time in association football history.
[28] A blue card is frequently used in indoor football in the United States as a level below a yellow card for offenses such as breaking house safety rules, spitting on the field, committing minor physical fouls, or illegal substitutions,[23] signifying that the offender must leave the field and stay in a penalty box (usually 2–5 minutes), during which time their team plays down a man (identical to ice hockey and roller hockey).
Plans for the introduction of the blue card more widely were expected to be published by the International Football Association Board (IFAB), on 9 February 2024 but were delayed; the new protocols around the penalty are expected to be the subject of further discussion at IFAB's annual general meeting at Loch Lomond on 2 March 2024 and then published.
[32] This is a rare case of a "medical penalty", as any player who is shown a blue card is disqualified from rugby activity for a period of at least 12-19 days, depending on age and severity.
[33] The showing of the blue card triggers a detailed process aimed to prevent concussed players subsequent trauma, with a gradual return to training and matches outlined.
[12] When the black card is issued, the offending fencer is excluded or eliminated from the remainder of the competition and may be suspended from further tournaments.
The act of the referee physically holding up his black notebook in the same manner as a card has been discontinued by the Gaelic Athletic Association.
[37] As of January 2020, a player who receives a black card is ejected from the field to the sin bin for a period of ten minutes.
