The town lies in central Trentino on the left bank of the Adige River at 490 meters above sea level, 12 km east of Trento.

The municipality of Pergine Valsugana covers an area of about 5439 hectares and includes the wide basin at the foot of the Tegazzo Hill as well as the Fersina Creek's valley.

Lago Pudro, part of the Natura 2000 network, spans about 13 hectares and is home to fauna closely tied to water, which has disappeared in the valley due to drainage measures.

Annual rainfall exceeds 900 mm, distributed over about 90 days, with a peak in late spring and summer, and a relative minimum in winter.

Climate Classification: Zone F, 3147 GGT There are numerous hypotheses regarding the origin of the name: In the 18th century, it was suggested that the name came from the Fersina Creek, as it passes through an area with iron mines; the name would thus derive from "ferrugo" or "ferri sinus."

Other hypotheses explain that Pergine is a locative form of "pergo," meaning "elevated place": "perg," possibly a parallel to "Berg" (mountain).

Some, however, refer to studies of the toponymic name Pergine Valdarno in the province of Arezzo, where the name is derived from a primitive language, probably that of the Ligures, who influenced the Etruscans and the world.

The military road Via Claudia Augusta was built to run from Altinum (today Altino, near Venice) through the Valsugana Valley to Tridentum (modern-day Trento).