[6] Caucasian squirrels are native to south-western Asia, where they are found from Turkey, and the islands of Gökçeada and Lesbos in the west, Iran in the southeast, and as far as Israel and Jordan in the south.

[2] The species mainly lives in forested areas dominated by oak,[7] pine, and pistachio,[2] up to altitudes of 2,000 metres (6,600 ft).

Like many other squirrels, they cache their food within tree cavities or loose soil, with some larders containing up to 6 kg (13 lb) of seeds.

[2] They live in trees, where they make their dens, but frequently forage on the ground, and are considered less arboreal than Eurasian red squirrels.

Whilst the Caucasian squirrel is threatened by poaching and deforestation, the declines recorded are not sufficient to qualify them as anything other than "Least Concern" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.