Person Colby Cheney (February 25, 1828 – June 19, 1901) was a paper manufacturer, abolitionist and Republican politician from Manchester, New Hampshire.

He engaged in the manufacture of paper in Peterborough until 1866, and in 1854 was a member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives.

Cheney was appointed as a Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Austin F. Pike, and served from November 24, 1886, to June 14, 1887, when a successor was elected and qualified.

Cheney served as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Switzerland in 1892–1893.

He died in Dover, New Hampshire in 1901 and is buried in the Pine Grove Cemetery at Manchester.