Argentina is home to the fourth largest Peruvian community worldwide, after the United States, Spain and Chile.

[3] On 17 April 2006, President Néstor Kirchner launched the "Patria Grande" plan, an initiative to grant legal resident status to immigrants from Mercosur member states (including observer states such as Peru) with an irregular migration status.

[6] Peruvian-born residents and their descendants have primarily settled in large urban centers such as those of the Greater Buenos Aires conurbation, Córdoba, and Rosario.

In Buenos Aires, the neighbourhoods of Balvanera and San Telmo are known for their considerable Peruvian communities.

[7] The 2010 national census yielded the following results for the geographical distribution of Peruvian-born people living in Argentina:[3]