He played for two years in the American Hockey League (AHL) with the Cleveland Barons, winning a Calder Cup, but in the 1957–58 season he debuted in the NHL with the Detroit Red Wings.

In the following seasons he became a defender for the Red Wings, except for a loan to the Edmonton Flyers of the Western Hockey League (WHL) during the 1959-60 championship.

In 1962 he played for a few months in the New York Rangers organization, winning another Calder Cup with the Springfield Indians farm team, but in October he returned to the Red Wings.

He split five seasons between the Rangers and another AHL affiliate, the Pittsburgh Hornets, with whom he won the third Calder Cup in his career.

Goegan was selected in the 1967 NHL Expansion Draft by the Minnesota North Stars, with whom he played 46 games in addition to a WHL loan to the Phoenix Roadrunners.