Čeferin earned his baccalaureate at a classical secondary school (gymnasium) in 1956 and enrolled at the Faculty of law, University of Ljubljana the same year, where he graduated in 1960.

In 1986 he completed his Master's degree at the Faculty of Law, University of Ljubljana, and successfully defended his doctoral thesis – Odvetnik, njegova neodvisnost nekoč in danes, posebej v Sloveniji [The Attorney, His Independence in the Past and Today, With Particular Regard to Slovenia] – in 1988.

The Ljubljana City Theatre staged two of his satires as part of the literary-satirical cabaret Smeh ni greh [Laughter is not a Sin]: Srečka [The Lottery Ticket] and Pridržanje do iztreznitve [Detained until Sober].

[10] He is the author of professional and scientific monographs, including Neodvisnost odvetnika [The Independence of the Attorney] (Uradni list SR Slovenije, 1988),[11] The Bar Association of Slovenia.

[12][11] Peter Čeferin, in collaboration with writer and journalist Vasja Jager, also wrote the crime novel Sodni dnevi [Judgment Days] (published by Cankarjeva založba, 2019).

[13] The novel focusses on a legal case on which Čeferin worked extensively as an attorney and is based on real events.