Peter Fibiger Bang (born 25 June 1973) is a Danish historian of Rome, empire, cross-cultural comparison and world history.

Born in Horsens, Denmark, in 1973, Bang studied History, Latin and Greek at the University of Aarhus from 1992 to 1999.

In 2005 he initiated, in co-operation with professor C. A. Bayly, and was elected chair of a European-based research network, Tributary Empires Compared, to stimulate historical comparison between the Roman, Mughal and Ottoman Empires.

Bang has authored, edited or co-edited fourteen volumes as of December 2024, as well as written a substantial number of articles, chapter contributions, reviews and essays.

In addition to his academic activities, Bang writes on an occasional basis for the Danish newspaper, Weekendavisen.