Peter B. Moore (born October 15, 1939) is Sterling Professor emeritus of Chemistry, Professor of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry at Yale University.

He has dedicated his entire career to understanding the structure, function, and mechanism of the ribosome.

Prior to attending Yale, Moore graduated from Milton Academy in Milton, Massachusetts, where he was elected to the Cum Laude Society.

As a postdoctoral fellow and a sabbatical visitor, he has done research at the University of Geneva, Switzerland (with A. Tissieres), at the Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, England (with Hugh E. Huxley), and at the University of Oxford, England.

He is a member of the American Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sigma Xi, American Chemical Society, New York Academy of Sciences, RNA Society and the Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering.