[5] The concept gained popularity through psychoanalyst Dr. Dan Kiley in his book The Peter Pan Syndrome: Men Who Have Never Grown Up first published in 1983.

Dr. Kiley got the idea for "The Peter Pan Syndrome" after noticing that, like the famous character in the J. M. Barrie play, many of the troubled teenage boys he treated had problems growing up and accepting adult responsibilities.

The causes for this behaviour likely vary for each individual and underlying mechanisms remain unexplained; however, the issue seems to be rooted in childhood experiences, such as neglect or overprotective parenting.

[9] While Peter Pan Syndrome is characterised with issues maintaining long-term relationships, individuals also experience a strong fear of loneliness and rely heavily on their parents and family.

[4] Both Peter Pan Syndrome and NPD involve difficulties in forming and maintaining mature, adult relationships due to struggles with commitment and empathy.

[11] Additionally, both involve a self-centred focus, though in Peter Pan Syndrome, this may stem more from a desire to maintain personal freedom and avoid responsibility, whereas in NPD, it arises from a need for admiration and validation.

Therapy would be an essential component in addressing this phenomenon, as it offers a safe space for individuals to explore their past experiences and emotional patterns.

By delving into childhood experiences, therapists can help patients gain insight into how these factors have influenced their development and contributed to their avoidance of adult responsibilities.