Peter Russell (11 June 1733 – 30 September 1808) was an Anglo-Irish military officer in the American War of Independence and a government official, politician and judge in Upper Canada.

After several years of job-searching Russell was appointed by the British government as Receiver General for the new colonial province of Upper Canada.

In July 1794, after the departure of Chief Justice William Osgoode, Simcoe issued a temporary commission to Russell to fill a vacant seat of Puisne Judge of the King’s Bench.

Russell's administration saw the peaceful transfer of six border posts from the British to the Americans under the terms of the Jay Treaty.

During his temporary appointment, Russell was at a disadvantage, however, as Simcoe had taken the vast majority of his official papers with him, leaving only 12 documents behind.

Tired of Canada, he wished to return to England but, unable to find a buyer for his 6,000 acres (24 km2) of land, he could not afford the trip and remained in the province until his death in 1808.