Petrovice u Karviné consists of four municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):[2] The name is patronymic in origin, derived from the personal name Petr/Piotr, meaning "Petr's village".

The Petrůvka River flows through the municipality and forms a part of the Czech-Polish border.

The oldest part of the municipality is Dolní Marklovice, which was first mentioned in Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis from around 1305.

[5][6] Petrovice was again mentioned in the register of Peter's Pence payment from 1447 among the 50 parishes of Cieszyn deanery as Petirsdorff.

After the 1540s Protestant Reformation prevailed in the Duchy of Cieszyn and a local Catholic church was taken over by Lutherans.

It was taken from them (as one from around fifty buildings in the region) by a special commission and given back to the Roman Catholic Church on 14 April 1654.

Following the Munich Agreement, in October 1938 together with the Trans-Olza region it was invaded by Polish army and annexed by Poland, administratively organised in Frysztat County of Silesian Voivodeship.

[4] Petrovice u Karviné is one of the most populated municipalities without the town status in the Czech Republic.