On the other hand, the contrast between Calvinism (as practised in the Electorate of the Palatinate) and Lutheranism (in Hanau-Lichtenberg) was not as pronounced at this time as it was a generation later, when again the Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg acted as regent for Hanau-Münzenberg and the difference it caused violent clashes within the regency.

The young Count Philipp Ludwig I was described by his teachers as highly intelligent and eager to learn.

[1] Here, count Philipp Ludwig I came into contact with the fiercely unfolding theological controversy within the Protestant movement.

He narrowly escaped the Saint Bartholomew's Day massacre and returned to Buchsweiler (now called Bouxwiller), the capital of the county of Hanau-Lichtenberg.

[4] His guardian opposed the marriage, because Magdalena was of lower rank than the Counts of Hanau,[5] and her family held lands in Hesse and Cologne.

Under his son, count Philipp Ludwig II, however, the authority of the church was legally separated as an independent institution in 1612.

Since the law in neighbouring territories was very similar, the work spread quickly in the area of the Wetterau Association of Imperial Counts.

His government is characterized by careful maneuvering among the various confessions and the imperial territories in pursuit of consolidation and the web of political relations in the Empire and in the Wetterau region.

In this issue, Count Philipp Ludwig acted very carefully and did not follow, probably against his personal conviction, the more radical Calvinist model.

His son and successor, Count Philipp Ludwig II, later carried through the so-called "second Reformation", the turn towards Calvinism.

The epitaph was destroyed during World War II, a few surviving fragments are kept in the Historical Museum of Hanau.

His widow, Countess Magdalene, née of Waldeck, remarried in 1581, with John VII, Count of Nassau-Siegen.