In 2007 US Open qualifying, he defeated fellow German player Benjamin Becker in the first round, before losing to Tommy Haas in four sets.

In the Wimbledon Championships Doubles, Petzschner won his first Grand Slam title with Jürgen Melzer.

This also made Petzschner the first German man to win a Grand Slam tournament since Boris Becker won the Australian Open in 1996.

At the end of August, he qualified for the World Tour Doubles Finals in London with Jürgen Melzer.

Petzschner and Melzer reached the doubles quarterfinal at the 2011 Australian Open, when they lost to Bob and Mike Bryan.

The height of Petzschner's season was reached when he and his partner Jürgen Melzer won the US Open Men's Doubles final, defeating the sixth seeded Polish team of Mariusz Fyrstenberg and Marcin Matkowski.

A controversy occurred at 2–2 in the second set, when a ball bounced on Petzschner's left shin and the chair umpire ruled the play valid.

When asked, Petzschner nodded ambiguously, even though the video replay later confirmed that the ball was returned illegally.

Petzschner reached his first singles quarterfinal of the season in Dubai, defeating Andreas Seppi and Philipp Kohlschreiber, before falling to Tomáš Berdych.

Partnering Christopher Kas, he defeated Ivo Karlović and Ivan Dodig in five sets to give Germany a 2–1 lead.

In the deciding fifth rubber, Petzschner replaced Florian Mayer and secured Germany's quarterfinal spot with a three-set win against Karlović.

At the World Team Cup in Düsseldorf, Petzschner won the deciding doubles match partnering Philipp Kohlschreiber in the final against Argentina.

At the beginning of the year Petzschner and partner Alexander Peya got to three finals (Doha, Rotterdam and Acapulco), but lost them all.

Petzschner won the title at the Stuttgart Open, partnering Tim Pütz as a wild card entry.