He supported the Royalist (Cavalier) cause during the War of the Three Kingdoms.
He succeeded to the Seigneurie of Sark on the death of his father in 1643.
During the English Civil War, Carteret was lieutenant to his kinsman George Carteret, and was knighted on the beach of St Aubin's Bay in Jersey by the exiled Charles, Prince of Wales in 1645.
In 1670, he was created a baronet, of St Ouen on the Island of Jersey.
Carteret married Anne (1627–1700),daughter of Abraham Dumaresq Seig Des Augres.