Philoponella

Some species (among them P. congregabilis and P. oweni) construct communal webs[broken anchor], but nevertheless do not capture prey cooperatively.

A colony of P. raffrayi is composed of individual orb-webs connected by non-adhesive silk.

In these colonies, Argyrodes and Portia species can also be found, acting as kleptoparasites and predators, respectively.

When relatively large prey is trapped on the periphery of the colony, two females cooperate in about 10% of cases in wrapping it, which increases their chances of success about fourfold.

[2] Philoponella species occur pantropical in the Americas, Africa, southeastern Asia and Australia, with almost half of them found from the southern United States to northern Argentina.

male P. prominens
P. prominens stabilimentum