[7] According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.38 square miles (0.98 km2), all land.

The Town of Piedmont is situated in the Allegheny Front mountain range along the North Branch of the Potomac River.

A century prior to the chartering of Piedmont, the area was opened for European settlement with the creation of Hampshire County in 1754 by the colonial government in Virginia.

The region was the scene of hostile interactions between European settlers and pro-French Native Americans during the French and Indian War.

Owing to its location and natural resources, the Piedmont area attracted German, Scotch-Irish, Swiss, English, and Italian immigrants, making the region more diverse than the primarily English-American Hampshire County.

The village of Piedmont was settled by people seeking to extract coal from the Allegheny Front mountain range which extends for several miles to the south of the town.

Two years later in 1853, the railroad reached the Ohio River at Wheeling, connecting Baltimore, Maryland with a direct route leading to the rapidly-growing Northwest Territory states.

[9] During the American Civil War (1861–1865), the town of Piedmont was frequently raided by the McNeill's Rangers in an effort by the Confederates to disrupt B&O train service.

Senator Henry Gassaway Davis who worked as a storekeeper and railroad agent before opening the region's largest coal mines on the "Big Vein" on the Allegheny Front.

[10] Leslie Thrasher, a noted illustrator whose work was featured on the covers of Liberty magazine and the Saturday Evening Post was born in Piedmont on September 15, 1889.

Henry Louis Gates, a professor of African-American history at Harvard University, was raised in Piedmont, an experience he described in his 1994 book Colored People.

These schools were recently memorialized by erecting a monument in front of the Piedmont city building on September 2, 2017.

This was a vision of the Piedmont Back Street Community Festival Committee, led by President Chuck Green.