Pierre-Elzéar Taschereau (October 28, 1805 – July 25, 1845) was a lawyer and political figure in Quebec.
He was born in Quebec City, the son of seigneur Thomas-Pierre-Joseph Taschereau and Françoise Boucher de La Bruère de Montarville.
Taschereau was admitted to the Lower Canada bar in 1828 and set up practice in Quebec City in partnership with his brother Joseph-André.
He died in office at his residence in Sainte-Marie-de-la-Nouvelle-Beauce at the age of 39 after developing an aneurysm.
His son Henri-Elzéar later served as Chief Justice of Canada.