Pierre-Eudoxe Dubalen, born on March 26, 1851, in Montgaillard and died on April 27, 1936, in Montsoué, was a French archaeologist, prehistorian, and protohistorian.

[1] Pierre-Eudoxe Dubalen had two sons: Louis, a military officer, knight of the Legion of Honor, who died in the Battle of Chemin des Dames,[1] and Paul, born on May 26, 1882, in Saint-Sever,[2] a medical officer – he studied at the Army Health School and obtained a medical degree from the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Lyon in January 1907[2] —, knight of the Legion of Honor in 1921.

[4] After studying pharmacy and practicing for a few years, he devoted himself to agronomy: he acclimatized American vines to the Southwest of France, promoted chemical fertilizers, and took the lead of the Landes Departmental Nursery and Agricultural Laboratory.

For nearly 50 years, he led archaeological excursions, particularly around Montsoué, where he discovered deposits from the Middle and Upper Paleolithic periods; he unearthed a series of flint tools at La Fauquille and on the Pouy hill, as well as animal remains.

A self-taught archaeologist, he made analytical errors but studied investigative, nomenclature, and periodization methods until he could conduct genuine scientific research.

On September 19, 1892, the French Association for the Advancement of Sciences organized an excursion to the Pape Cave, where two Venus figurines were discovered: La Poire — found by Dubalen and Eugène Trutat — and the Ébauche, as well as the ring and stopper of a wineskin.

From 1894, Piette obtained exclusive permission from the count to continue excavations on the site and to retrieve the Venus for his personal collections, which he bequeathed to the National Antiquities Museum.

Eventually, Dubalen gave up, stating, "the name of the worker doesn't matter as long as the work is published and can benefit everyone".

Regarding the other forgeries found at the site, he claimed to have obtained confessions from a "cultivated person who was by no means ignorant of questions relating to Natural History".

At Mesplède, he made one of his most important discoveries: rich burials, a mail coat, a soliferrum javelin, silver phials with Iberian engravings, brooches, torques, and funerary urns.

[18] In 1923, Dubalen conceived a new Paleolithic facies, which preceded the Chellean: the "Chalossien," named after his region, Chalosse, which, according to him, was the site of an original lithic industry and among the oldest.

A debate opened at the French Prehistoric Society, and one of its members, André Vayson de Pradenne, visited the Landes in 1927, inspected the collections of the Dubalen Museum and several excavation sites, and noted that, despite morphological resemblance, the flints did not have the same technological aspect.

The Dubalen collection, on the first floor, includes numerous Paleolithic, Neolithic, and Iron Age objects, as well as antiquities, with several millstones, ceramics, and ancient lamps.

It is complemented by works of art, geological specimens, an entomology collection, and an "exotic" section, with dozens of arrows, borers, and ostrich eggshell beads from the Sahara.

Guy Peyo, the new curator, drastically sorted the collection: it had to be placed on a single floor of another Romanesque house located 50 meters from the Lacataye keep, inaugurated in 1972.

[28] On September 7, 2013, Dubalen was the focus of a day of lectures at the House of the Lady of Brassempouy organized by Lionel Ducamp, with speakers Aurélien Simonet, Jessica Lacarrière, and Alexandre Lefebvre.