Pinus hwangshanensis is an evergreen tree reaching 15–25 metres (49–82 feet) in height, with a very broad, flat-topped crown of long, level branches.

[citation needed] It is closely related to Japanese black pine (P. thunbergii), differing from it in the slenderer leaves, brown (not white) buds and broader cones.

[citation needed] Huangshan pines are endemic to the mountains of eastern China, in the provinces of Anhui, Fujian, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, and Zhejiang.

[citation needed] They typically grow at moderate to high altitudes on steep, rocky crags, and are a major vegetation component in the landscapes of eastern China.

Many specimens are venerated for their unique rugged shapes and are frequently portrayed in traditional Chinese paintings.