The venue, that used to consist of a single 50m pool, was opened in 1929 and refurbished to host the swimming events for the 1955 Mediterranean Games.

In 1990, refurbishment works began for the 1992 Olympics: the two current pools were built and temporary grandstands were installed, boosting the capacity to 6,500 spectators.

[1] The music video for Kylie Minogue's 2003 single, "Slow", taken from the album Body Language, was filmed at Piscina Municipal de Montjuïc in August of that year, directed by Baillie Walsh.

In 2018, Erika Lust shot the adult video 'Speedo cleptomaniac' at Piscina Municipal de Montjuïc for XConfessions.

[2] In 2024, Dua Lipa shot a music video at the venue for her single, "Illusion", taken from the album Radical Optimism.