has considered this species to be a subspecies of Plestiodon tetragrammus under the scientific name P. tetragrammus callicephalus, but the more common classification considers it to be a separate species based on differences in appearance and its distinct geographic distribution.

Throughout its range in Mexico, the species seems secure, although many local populations may be jeopardized by habitat loss.

The mountain skink is found in a wide variety of habitat, ranging from sea level to nearly 2,000 m (about 6,560 ft).

It prefers areas with abundant and well-rotted leaf litter, providing cover and places for laying eggs.

Plestiodon callicephalus is a terrestrial skink, spending most of its time foraging on the ground, hunting for small invertebrates.