[3][4] After its period of use, this structure appears to have been reused as a midden, including a deposit of over one thousand murex shells (Bolinus brandaris), possibly used for small scale dye production.

[13][14][15][16] These artifacts have been recovered from an area of the site known as Civitate A as well as from a trench labeled Tesoro 27, which sounded below the ground level of the Intermediate Orientalizing Complex 2(OC2)/Workshop.

[27][28] The building, which featured a stone foundation, large porch, and back room, was remarkably similar to structures from the Etruscan settlements of San Giovenale and Rusellae.

Through the investigation of later structures from the site of Poggio Civitate, it was determined that terracotta roofing tiles varied in length but consistently measured 0.54m in width.

[30][31] The discovery of grains, seeds, and ceramics from the floor of the porch area indicate that food preparation took place here; spindle whorls and rocchetti were also found, which implies that textile production occurred.

[22] It is unclear how long exactly these buildings had stood for, but there is evidence that they were all destroyed in the same fire that set the hilltop ablaze towards the end of the seventh century BCE.

[22] Archeologists also uncovered residential objects such as furniture, antler inlays, cosmetics, and figurines that helped decipher the domicile nature of the Orientalizing Complex 1 building.

[40] It is hypothesized that OC2 burned down in the early sixth century BCE, as the remains of an unfinished terracotta roof were found with the "raw clay elements" having been prematurely fired.

Items such as bucchero vessels with muluvanice-inscriptions, burned animal bones, and seeds found in and near OC3 also support the theory that the building was an early version of a temple.

[47] The lateral sima bears decoration depicting female heads and hand-made feline spouts that have an opening within them to allow for water to flow from the gutter system.

[55] Emergent interest in understanding the social organization of the site along with its development over time and in response to known crises (such as the fire which destroyed the Intermediate Orientalizing structures at the beginning of the sixth century BCE) has prompted new research, yielding numerous informative discoveries.

[57] Its position in relation to OC2 along with the fragments of bucchero vessels, ceramic sherds, and bone plaques discovered within the ruins indicate its function to have been a domestic residence of the non-elite variety, removed from the bustling center of the Plain of the Treasure, speculated to have housed lower-status craftsmen who made and owned objects similar to those in the possession of Poggio Civitates's elite.

[56] Archaeological work in the 2012 and 2013 seasons revealed further evidence of non-elite Orientalizing structures in the form of foundation walls belonging to a small building located approximately 70 meters west of Piano del Tesoro at the Civitate A site.

The rectilinear base of “CA70” or “Structure 1”, dating to the late seventh century BCE, is situated atop an older, poorly-preserved curvilinear foundation, potentially contemporary with hut structure CC7 discovered at Civitate C.[56] Sharing similar dimensions (4 meters by 6 meters), the interior would have provided a moderate dwelling space of an estimated 24 square-meters, limited further by the presence of a hearth in the center of an earthen floor.

[58] The structure's foundations being “not overly robust” evince that it supported a roof of thatch or a similar light material, being unable to hold the weight of terracotta tiles.

[83] At the dig site of the Archaic Building on the plateau of Piano del Tesoro, a terracotta frieze plaque was found depicting figures seated one in front of another.

[88] Although figures on frieze plaques such as this one often portray deities, it is important to note that there has been no concrete evidence suggesting that this particular assembly scene is an ancient Etruscan or Italian mythological representation.

[89] Gorgons are typically represented with a wide mouth, pendulous tongue, flattened nose, fixed eyes, and clean incisions signal it was used as a protective spirit against bad/evil elements.

The wells of the first and third excavations were not far away from each other, they were roughly twenty meters from each other, yet clearly separated from each other with a wall which eludes to many factors whether it was due to economic reasons or social status, etc.

[22] There was a single known casualty of the destruction: one fragment of a human skull, who is assumed to have been an individual killed during the event, was found lying outside one of the wells filled with debris.

[22] There is also evidence, in the form of wells that were constructed immediately prior to the destruction, that there was a sharp increase in people moving closer to the Archaic Period Building, perhaps for security or protection from outside threat.

The sixth century BCE was a violent time in Roman history; Etruscan, Latin, and Umbrian city-states that were most commonly ruled by elite families were engaged in constant conflict.

[118] This could offer another explanation for the targeting of artwork depicting the elite family; the people of Poggio Civitate wanted to destroy and rebuild their settlement under new leadership.

One scholar, Nancy de Grummond, points out that certain aspects of the Archaic Phase Building (the walls) were still standing near the agger at the time of discovery, possibly revealing that the destruction was not so thorough after all and could have been motivated by something other than violence or conquest as the first theory suggests.

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“Recent Discoveries at Poggio Civitate (Murlo).”  In Atti del XXIII Convegno Internazionale di Studi sulla Storia e l’Archeologia dell’Etruria, edited by G. della Fina, 497–510.