The other male descendant of Mark Antony who carries a form of his name, Antonius, was the consul Quintus Haterius Antoninus.

From 17 until 38, Polemon II lived as a private citizen in Pontus and assisted his mother in the administration of their realm.

With another Roman Client King, Antiochus IV of Commagene, Polemon II held athletic games in honor of Claudius in Cilicia in 47.

Antiochus IV with Polemon II had showed favor towards Claudius in which they offered significant services to him.

Around 50, Polemon II was attracted to the wealth and beauty of the Judean princess Julia Berenice, whom he had met in Tiberias during a visit to King Herod Agrippa I. Berenice in turn wanted to marry Polemon II to end rumors that she and her brother were committing incest.

Berenice set the condition that Polemon II had to convert to Judaism, which included undergoing the rite of circumcision, before marriage.

Polemon II abandoned Judaism and, according to the legend of Bartholomew the Apostle, he accepted Christianity, only to become a pagan again.

At an unknown date, perhaps after the early 50s, Polemon II married a princess[3] called Julia Mamaea,[3] who was from the Syrian Roman Client Emesene Kingdom.

In 62, Nero induced Polemon II to abdicate the Pontian throne, and Pontus, including Colchis, became a Roman province.