Following the abolishing of the Ministry of Public Security in 1954, Auxiliary departments, including departmental hospitals, nurseries, and the "Konsumy" retail chain, were transferred from the MBP to the Ministry of Interior, headed by Władysław Wicha.

First of all, the Ministry of Internal Affairs took over the competences related to the resident registration and registration of the population, passport matters (which soon returned to the security service), supervision over the Citizens' Militia, ORMO, KBW, and the Border Protection Force as well as the State Fire Service and the Prison Service.

[1] On 14 July 1983 The Act "on the office of the Minister of Internal Affairs and the scope of activities of the bodies subordinate to him" was adopted; the Voivodeship Militsiya Headquarters (Polish: Komenda Wojewódzka MO) were replaced with Voivodeship Offices for Internal Affairs (Polish: Wojewódzki Urząd Spraw Wewnętrznych), and similar steps were taken at the district and regional levels.

During a reform of the Polish government in 1996 the administration branch was merged into the Ministry and it was renamed to its current name (on 24 December).

The Ministry's headquarters was located on the Stefan Batory Street, south of Warsaw's city centre and the governmental district which surrounds the Belweder.