The Polish Physical Society was established during an organizational meeting on 11 April 1920 in Warsaw.
In 1932, the society's reports were reorganized into science journal Acta Physica Polonica.
In 2005, the first direct elections of the society's governing body were held using electronic voting.
It consists of 19 regional centres located in Bydgoszcz, Białystok, Częstochowa, Gdańsk, Gliwice, Katowice, Kielce, Kraków, Lublin, Łódź, Opole, Poznań, Rzeszów, Słupsk, Szczecin, Toruń, Wrocław, Warsaw and Zielona Góra.
In 2008, the society established a department which deals with supporting women physicists, debunking stereotypes and encouraging girls to take up STEM subjects with particular emphasis on physics.