In preparation for the creation of a new Polish army and in order to fight the Russian occupants, the PPS, led at the time by Piłsudski founded a Combat Organization, that became extremely active in the 1905 unrests in Russia.

The Combat Organization grew increasingly influential and cooperated with the Japanese Empire, receiving funding in exchange for information and strikes against Russian state servants.

That internal struggle led to the party to split, with the marxist members becoming the Polish Socialist Party – the Left (also known as PPS–L or the Young Faction), which believed that Poland should be a marxist country, established through proletarian revolution, as part of a larger international communist movement, in collaboration with the Russian proletariate.

After that last raid, Piłsudski and his followers left the Russian Empire and moved to Galicia-Lodomeria (Austrian Poland), where there was a relative freedom.

Józef Piłsudski, Walery Sławek, Aleksander Prystor, Ignacy Daszyński, Kazimierz Pużak, Tomasz Arciszewski, Rajmund Jaworowski, Leon Wasilewski, Mieczysław Niedziałkowski, Norbert Barlicki, and Jędrzej Moraczewski.