The politics of Haiti are considered historically unstable due to various coups d'état, regime changes, military juntas and internal conflicts.
[6] Haiti overthrew French colonial rule in a successful slave revolt (Haitian Revolution) that ended in 1804.
Aristide, a left wing president, was deposed in a coup d'état on 29 February 2004, led by the Group of 184, allegedly with assistance of the French and United States governments, on the basis that U.S. and French soldiers had recently arrived in Haiti, ostensibly to protect the U.S. embassy in Haiti.
Michel Martelly succeeded Préval when his term expired on 14 May 2011, the first time in Haitian history that an incumbent president peacefully transferred power to a member of the opposition.
[8] The 2015 presidential election was held on 25 October 2015, but before the runoff, it was criticised by the Haitian public and media as "not-free" and "controlled".
[10] Martelly resigned the presidency on 10 February 2016, amid allegations that the 2015 election was fraudulent, leaving the country without a government in place.
The Parliament on 13–14 February 2016 elected Jocelerme Privert as provisional president for a period of 120 days, in place of the Council of Ministers.
On 14 June 2016, Privert's presidential term expired, but he remained as de facto president as the National Assembly refused to meet to appoint a successor.
Haitian Creole is a combination of basic French structures with significant loanwords from African languages, and major differences in grammar and spelling.
[21] Haitian linguist, Yves Dejean, recalls warnings posted in the principal's office forbidding the use of Creole.
In the 1970s, only 1% of the children who entered kindergarten stayed on track to obtain state certificate at the end of the sixth grade.
[22] Even after the literacy programs of the 1980s, 90% of the teachers ten years after the decree were still not able to fully integrate the Creole language into the education system.