Polonia was a small rural community located in northwestern Caldwell County, Texas, United States.

By the 1920s, the community had a church, one cotton gin, two schools, a blacksmith shop, and a general store.

The town rapidly lost population in the 1930s, as cotton production declined and farm failures occurred in Texas around that time.

[2] By the late 1940s, Polonia had a school, a church, and a few scattered houses at the site.

[1] Today, the only infrastructure remaining in Polonia is the town cemetery, founded in 1894.