row 1: Zoraptera, Dermaptera row 2: Plecoptera, Orthoptera row 3: Grylloblattodea, Mantophasmatodea row 4: Phasmatodea, Embioptera row 5: Mantodea, Blattodea See text The cohort Polyneoptera is one of the major groups of winged insects, comprising the Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, etc.)

and all other neopteran insects believed to be more closely related to Orthoptera than to any other insect orders.

They were formerly grouped together with the Palaeoptera and Paraneoptera as the Hemimetabola or Exopterygota on the grounds that they have no pupa, the wings gradually developing externally throughout the nymphal stages.

[2] Many members of the group have leathery forewings (tegmina) and hindwings with an enlarged anal field (vannus).

The following extant orders are included in Polyneoptera:[3] The following fossil groups are included in Polyneoptera:[3] The following cladogram is based on the molecular phylogeny of Wipfler et al. 2019:[10] Zoraptera (angel insects) Dermaptera (earwigs) Plecoptera (stoneflies) Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, katydids) Grylloblattodea (ice crawlers) Mantophasmatodea (gladiators) Phasmatodea (stick insects) Embioptera (webspinners) Mantodea (mantises) Blattodea (cockroaches and termites)