It is a long and narrow ridge, running northeast to southwest, from about Norton, Virginia, to near Tazewell, Tennessee.
The highest point is Bowling Knob (3,557 feet; 1,084 meters), near the northern end of the mountain.
Powell Mountain is crossed by U.S. Route 58, called "Daniel Boone Trail Highway".
To the northeast, Powell Mountain crosses Hancock County, Tennessee, where Newman Ridge runs closely along the south side.
The North Fork Clinch River breaks northeast of Kanes Gap, Powell Mountain.
US Route 23 and crosses Powell Mountain by following the North Fork Clinch River, as does railroad tracks owned by the Norfolk Southern Railway.
Powell Mountain continues on the other side of the North Fork Clinch River, but is less well-defined as a ridge.
Nearby this section of Powell Mountain is Virginia's Natural Tunnel State Park.
The northernmost section of Powell Mountain crosses into Wise County, Virginia, where there is another high summit called Morris Butt (2,940 feet (900 m)).