A number of paintings, drawings, and sculptures, including several ancient icons, represent the museum's Russian Art collection.

Its first catalogue included 72 items, in particular, approximately fifty notable works of Russian artists dating from the early 20th century.

The collection includes the Russian icons dating from the late of the 15th century; a few of them represent the local Ryazan school (e.g., those are two unique depictions of Archangel Michael).

Its collection includes some drawings by Aleksander Orłowski, Pyotr Sokolov, Ivan Shishkin, Fyodor Vasilyev, Valentin Serov, Mikhail Vrubel, Wassili Kandinsky, other members of Mir iskusstva, of the Blue Rose.

[7] The collection, based on the receipts from the former noble estates located in Ryazan Governorate (e.g. ones of the Gagarin family), includes some works of the painters of the Flemish, French, Italian, and other Western schools.

The museum owns one of the two easel works by Giovanni Battista Crosato on public view in Russia, The Sacrifice of Polyxena.

The collected items of the traditional folk costume, a complex artistic ensemble, represent different types and techniques of patterned weaving and embroidery.

[9] The museum holds a lot of works made by contemporary artisans, including the samples of Mikhailov coloured embroidery,[10] Skopin ceramic, traditional clay toy.

The gallery at 14 Pervomaysky avenue, Ryazan, opened before the 80th anniversary of the Russian artist and academician, Viktor Ivanov [ru].