[1] Janne Saarikivi [fi] points out that similar substrate words are present in Finnic languages as well, but in much smaller numbers.

[4] According to Aikio, the speakers of the Proto-Samic language arrived in Lapland around 650 BC and fully assimilated the local Paleo-European populations by the middle of 1st millennium AD.

[9] Semantically, pre-Sami substrate consists mostly of basic vocabulary terms (i.e. human body parts) and nature/animal names, and lacks terms of kinship and societal organization, which suggests a rather low level of socioeconomic development in pre-Sami cultures.

[12] Aikio (2021) lists some other substrate vocabulary as:[14] Irregular correspondences among Uralic languages are frequent among some words, such as 'to milk' and 'hazelnut'.

These are presumed to be non-native loanwords by Aikio (2021):[14] Some toponyms in Finland appear to be of non-Uralic origin; for example, a word koita regularly appears in hydronyms for long and narrow bodies of water and is thus probably the continuation of the native word for 'long, narrow'.

[3][1] There are irregularities in Sami substrate words which suggest they might have been borrowed from distinct, but related languages.