[2] In humans, Prevotella species are members of the oral, vaginal, and gut microbiota and are often recovered from anaerobic infections of the respiratory tract.

These infections include aspiration pneumonia, lung abscess, pulmonary empyema, and chronic otitis media and sinusitis.

[7] Long-term diet is reported to be associated with gut microbiome composition—those who eat protein and animal fats have predominantly Bacteroides bacteria, while those who consume more carbohydrates, especially fibre, feature Prevotella species.

[4] The genus Prevotella exhibits significant genetic diversity, particularly between species associated with humans and those found in other animals.

[4] There have also been studies uncovering the role of bacteriophages, including the discovery of megaphages in the large intestine associated with Prevotella, highlighting the potential for these phages to influence microbial populations within the host microbiome.

A study of 542 Korean women, including identical and fraternal twins, highlighted that the vaginal microbiota's composition is influenced by menopausal status and bacterial vaginosis, with Lactobacillus and Prevotella being the most inheritable among beneficial and potentially harmful bacteria, respectively.

Other environmental factors like hormone therapy, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection can also influence the abundance of Prevotella.

[11] P. bivia in the vaginal tract triggers an immune response similar to lipopolysaccharides, activating genes involved in the Th17 pathway (IL23A, IL6, IL1A, IL1B) through antigen-presenting cells.

These species were shown to bind lactoferrin that is released together with the contents of neutrophils during inflammation and bleeding in periodontitis patients.

The reduction of Prevotella in model mice led to an increase of Lactobacillus showing a protection effect against osteomyelitis.