The current prime minister is Ali Asadov on 8 October 2019 following the removal of Novruz Mammadov.

Due to the central role of the president in the political system, the activities of the executive branch (including the prime minister) are significantly influenced by the head of state (for example, it is the president who appoints and dismisses the Prime Minister and other members of the Government; the president may chair the meetings of the cabinet and give obligatory orders to the prime minister and other members of the Government, the president may also revoke any act of the Government).

People who held those positions are sometimes referred to as the prime ministers.

In the event of the president's death, resignation or impeachment, the prime minister is second in the line of succession, after the first vice-president.

Until September 2016, when the office of First Vice-President was created, the prime minister was first in line.