Prince Baltasar Carlos in the Riding School, Spanish: La lección de equitación del príncipe Baltasar Carlos, is a painting by Diego Velázquez, painted at the Palacio del Buen Retiro outside Madrid, probably in 1636.

[1]: 266  In 1856 it was bought by Richard Seymour-Conway, 4th Marquess of Hertford, at a sale of the effects of the poet Samuel Rogers, and so passed into the Wallace Collection.

[3] Both versions of the painting show the Infante Baltasar Carlos, at the age of about seven, on horseback in front of the Palacio del Buen Retiro outside Madrid; behind him is a dwarf.

The horse is performing a levade, one of the "airs above the ground" of the haute école of classical dressage.

[4]: 5:37 [5] In middle ground of the original version, Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares, first minister to the King and riding-master to the prince, receives a lance – which he will then hand to his charge – from Alonso Martínez de Espinar, identified from an engraving, by Juan de Noort [es], on the frontispiece of his treatise on archery;[1]: 271  they are watched by Juan Mateos, identified from an engraving by Pedro Perete on the title page of his treatise on hunting.