Princess Anna of Hesse and by Rhine (German: Prinzessin Anna von Hessen und bei Rhein; 25 May 1843 – 16 April 1865) was the consort and second wife of Friedrich Franz II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.

Her eldest brother, Ludwig, married in 1862 to Princess Alice of the United Kingdom, third child and second daughter of Queen Victoria.

As a young girl, Anna was considered as a possible bride for the future Edward VII (known as 'Bertie' to his family).

Together, they had one daughter: Anna died of puerperal fever a week after giving birth to her only child.

Her husband remarried to Princess Marie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, and was the father of Duke Henry of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, consort of Wilhelmina of the Netherlands.