Princess Louise was born on 1 March 1798 in Dessau as the fifth child and second daughter of Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Anhalt-Dessau and his wife Landgravine Amalie of Hesse-Homburg, daughter of Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg.

Until 1811, she was tutored by poet Friedrich von Matthisson (1761–1831) in Wörlitz.

[1] On 12 February 1818 in Dessau, Louise married her uncle, Gustav, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg.

Gustav was the brother of Louise's mother and the son of Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg and his wife Landgravine Caroline of Hesse-Darmstadt.

Princess Louise survived her husband by nine years and died on 11 June 1858 in Bad Homburg.