Maria Elizabeth Vasa (10 March 1596 – 7 August 1618) was a Swedish princess, daughter of King Charles IX of Sweden and Christina of Holstein-Gottorp, and by marriage Duchess of Östergötland.

Maria Elizabeth was born in Örebro Castle, and was brought up with her brother, Gustavus Adolphus, and her cousin, John, Duke of Finland.

[1] The wedding was met with opposition from the clergy, who complained both about the close relationship between the bride and the groom, which was not in accordance with the Swedish Church Ordinance 1571, as well as not having been consulted about it, but they were silenced by Queen Christina, who stated that the matter was a secular question.

[1] On 29 November 1612, at the age of sixteen, Princess Maria Elizabeth celebrated her wedding to the Duke of Östergötland in the royal palace Tre Kronor in Stockholm.

The duke issued a new law which made it easier to judge and execute witches, which led to the Finspång witch trial; "Two evil and reputed sorceresses, which Their Graces Duke Johan and his noble consort Maria Elizabeth upon the word of God destroyed, were burned at a place called Skogby vad".

She died there, childless, of her lifelong disease, just five months after her husband; according to the royal chaplain Petrus Bjugg, death was a relief to her.