During the new campaigning in 1129, Mstislav Vladimirovich captured the three remaining sons of Vseslav (Davyd, Sviatoslav and Rostislav) and annexed Polotsk and its vassals including Vitebsk.

Sviatoslav's son Vasilko Sviatoslavich, after having likely served as commander under emperor John II Komnenos, returned from his exile in Constantinople in either 1131 or 1132 to claim his inheritance as Prince of Vitebsk.

In 1165–1167 due to the feudal strife, the principality of Vitebsk was shortly acquired by the princes of Smolensk.

However this submission was short-lived, and Vitebsk soon regained independence and given to Briachislav Vasilkovich, another son of Vasilko.

In 1508, the Voivodeship of Vitebsk was created out of the lands of the former principality along with the cities of Orsha, Drutsk and Mogilyov.