Thevenot was born in Strasbourg to Mauritian parents who settled in France at the end of the 1970s to pursue university studies.

She completed a classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles at Lycée Saint-Louis-de-Gonzague, and continued her studies at the EM Lyon Business School, from which she graduated in 2009.

[3] In the 2017 legislative election, Prisca Thevenot contested Seine-Saint-Denis's 4th constituency, but was defeated by incumbent communist member Marie-George Buffet.

[4] In November 2020, Thevenot was appointed spokeswoman for Emmanuel Macron’s party, La République en marche (LaREM), jointly with Maud Bregeon.

[12] On 3 July 2024, while Thevenot and a supporter were putting up campaign posters for the 2024 French legislative election in Meudon, they were attacked by a gang of youths.