The Prix Rossini for composition was a prize for young librettist and composers which was granted by the French Académie des Beaux-Arts.
The prize was funded by a provision in composer Gioachino Rossini's will which took effect in 1878 after the death of his widow.
First and second prize winners received funding for their winning work to be performed in a prestigious ceremony which was managed by the Société des Concerts of the Institut de France, also associated with the Paris Conservatoire.
The first award of the prize in 1881 was to librettist Paul Collin and composer Marie, Countess of Grandval for the oratorio La fille de Jaïre.
The Société des Concerts presented six productions between 1885 and 1911, all for composers who went on to establish successful careers.