Project 11780 Kherson was an unrealized 1980s Soviet LHD program derived from the Kiev-class aircraft carrier design comparable to the US Tarawa-class amphibious assault ship.

The ship would have been about 25,000 tons displacement, with steam turbine power plants and carried about 12 helicopters and four Ondatra-class landing craft or two Tsaplya-class LCACs.

The General Staff, placing great importance on the construction of the LHDs, proposed building them instead of the aircraft carriers.

Understanding that the construction of the LHDs, due to the lack of required shipbuilding capacity, would likely lead to the abandonment of Project 1143.5 aircraft carriers.

At the request of the Minister of Defense, Marshal Dmitry Ustinov, the tasks of Project 11780 were expanded to include peacetime tracking of enemy submarines in the seas.