However, by the end of the Middle Pleistocene, it was confined to a single species, the Sardinian pika (P. sardus), on the Corsica, Sardinia, and surrounding islands, where it survived into historical times.

[5] A specimen with preserved soft-tissue is known from late Miocene aged deposits from Andance in France, which shows that its overall proportions, shape of the ears and lack of tail are similar to living Ochotona.

Early Prolagus species are thought to have inhabited subtropical swamp and wetland environments, with a similar ecology to the living marsh rabbit (Sylvilagus palustris).

[5] Prolagus first arrived in Corsica, Sardinia, and other Mediterranean islands at the early-late Pliocene boundary, likely due to an emergent land connection.

By the beginning of the Late Pleistocene, Prolagus was confined to the single species P. sardus on Corsica, Sardinia and surrounding islands.

[5] The Sardinian pika probably became extinct sometime between 800 BC (the timing of the last reliable radiocarbon date) and the 6th century AD, likely due to introductions of invasive species by humans.