From the late 1960s to early 70s, it engaged in armed struggle against the West Pakistani regime, in order to establish a Democratic People's Republic of East Bengal.

However, heavy repression from the regime, the death of then General Secretary Siraj Sikder and several internal divisions led to the decline of the party.

Despite this, it remains active in several regions of the country and continues to carry out attacks against state police, land owners and extorters.

[citation needed] On 8 January 1968, the group established the 'Purba Banglar Sramik Andalon' (Workers Movement of East Bengal).

[2] This position was in stark contrast to the official foreign policy of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), which generally sided with Pakistan against India.

In October of the same year, the group carried out bomb attacks on several buildings throughout East Pakistan, including the American Information Centre.

[5] During this period, the official stance of the PRC was that East Bengal was part of Pakistan, and they viewed Indian expansionism as the primary threat to the region.

[6] Following the independence of Bangladesh, PBSP emerged as a significant contender against the newly formed Awami League-government, which it perceived as puppets of India.

Under the leadership of Anwarul Kabir, also known as Abdur Rouf, the party is active in several districts, including the Sirajganj, Bogra, Pabna, Rajshahi, and Khulna.

In 2001, a faction separated from the PBSP(CC) and established a new entity known as the Purba Banglar Sarbahara Party (Maoist Bolshevik Reorganisation Movement).

[citation needed] In May 2013, six members of the PBSP were apprehended, and they were found in possession of pipe guns and homemade rifles.