is one of the rallying cries from The Communist Manifesto (1848)[1][2][3][4] by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels (German: Proletarier aller Länder, vereinigt Euch!, literally 'Proletarians of all countries, unite!
[8] Five years before The Communist Manifesto, this phrase appeared in the 1843 book The Workers' Union by Flora Tristan.
The phrase was used by the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) in their publications and songs[13][14] and was a mainstay on banners in May Day demonstrations.
[20] The guiding motto of the 2nd Comintern congress in 1920, under Lenin's directive, was "Workers and oppressed peoples of all countries, unite!".
[21] This denoted the anti-colonialist agenda of the Comintern, and was seen as an attempt to unite racially-subjugated black people and the global proletariat in anti-imperialist struggle.